12^th International Conference on Optics, Photonics & Lasers June 17-18, 2019 London, UK

London, the capital of United Kingdom is one of the most famous places in the whole world situated on the bank of River Thames in the south-eastern part of Great Britain. Since, two millennia London has been a region with some of the major settlements which are taking place. London, being one of the leading metropolises having contributions in a wide range of fields like finance, healthcare, education, media, arts, entertainment, commerce, fashion, R&D, tourism, transportation and professional services. The maximum places in London are devoted to parks and open spaces which are meant to relax on fine days. Historically London was split between Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Middlesex, and Surrey, which in the present date makes up Greater London, which is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. It is having a diverse range of people and culture with more than 300 languages being spoken in the region.

Some of the world’s most renowned sites are situated in London (a total of 30 historic gardens, 123 historic buildings, London also has more than 200 museums, 600 cinema screens, and 108 music hall) which includes Palace of Westminster, Tower of London, Kew Gardens, St. Margaret’s Church, Westminster Abbey, London Eye, Buckingham Palace, Tower Bridge, Piccadilly Circus, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Trafalgar Square, The Shard, British Museum, Natural History Museum, British Library, National Gallery and Tate Modern. Also, London is the place having world’s oldest underground railway network. The city is well connected with almost five International Airports and a high speed Eurostar Rail link. Along that 50 countries are within a three-hour flight time and 310 international destinations have direct links to London.  

London, which is the world’s largest financial centre and has the 5^th or 6^th largest metropolitan are GDP in the world. It is also known as the world cultural capital. A place which has a record of most-visited city as per the international arrivals and has world’s largest city airport system measured by the passenger traffic. It is the world’s leading investment destination which hosts many international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London has the highest concentration of Educational Institutions or Universities in the whole Europe.

London was the first city to become the host of Summer Olympics Games three times. It’s estimated mid-2016 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,787,892, the largest of any city in the European Union and accounting for 13.4% of the UK population. London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The city's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016, while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.